X window system
Installation and basic configuration of the X window system.
- About this chapter - Description and environmental variable ($fs)
- expat-2.0.0 - XML parser library.
- freetype-2.3.1 - System font libraries.
- fontconfig 2.4.2 - Font management tools.
- Xserver - Graphical server Xvesa of Xfree86 4.6.0 and Xorg libraries.
- xterm-223 - Terminal emulator.
- libpng-1.2.18 - Libraries that manipulate PNG images.
- jwm-2.0 - Window manager.
- jpeg-6b - Libraries that manipulate JPEG images.
- tiff-3.8.2 - TIFF libraries and utilities.
- links-2.1pre29 - Graphical and text web browser.
- Generate the initramfs and an ISO image.
About
This chapter describes the installation and configuration of the X window system on SliTaz. We will install libraries for expat, XML, fonts, a graphical server (Xvesa), a terminal emulator (xterm), various small tools and a window manager (JWM). We'll also install the JPEG libraries and Links web browser.
Environmental variable ($fs)
If you do not specify any path to the rootfs directory, export the environmental variable:
# export fs=$PWD/rootfs
To check:
# echo $fs
expat-2.0.0 - XML parser library
Expat (http://expat.sourceforge.net/) contains the XML parsing libraries:
# cd .. # wget http://switch.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/expat/expat-2.0.0.tar.gz # tar xzf expat-2.0.0.tar.gz # cd expat-2.0.0 # ./configure --sysconfdir=/etc --prefix=/usr \ --mandir=/usr/share/man # make # make DESTDIR=$PWD/_pkg install # strip -v _pkg/usr/lib/* # strip -v _pkg/usr/bin/*
Thereafter, we will install ‘xterm’ which needs libexpat.so.0, simply create a symbolic link and voilà. Then you can install the ‘xmlwf’ application and libraries in the rootfs:
# cd _pkg/usr/lib # ln -s libexpat.so.1.5.0 libexpat.so.0 # cp -a *.so* $fs/usr/lib # cd .. # cp -a bin/* $fs/usr/bin # cd ../..
libs
Libraries used by xmlwf: libexpat.so.1 => /usr/lib/libexpat.so.1 (0x40021000)
libc.so.6 => /lib/tls/libc.so.6 (0x40041000)
/lib/ld-linux.so.2 => /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x40000000)
freetype-2.3.1 - System font libraries
The package freetype (http://www.freetype.org/) contains libraries used by X for configuring the system fonts:
# cd .. # wget http://download.savannah.gnu.org/releases/freetype/freetype-2.3.1.tar.bz2 # tar xjf freetype-2.3.1.tar.bz2 # cd freetype-2.3.1 # ./configure --sysconfdir=/etc --prefix=/usr \ --mandir=/usr/share/man # make # make DESTDIR=$PWD/_pkg install # strip -vs _pkg/usr/lib/* # cp -a _pkg/usr/bin/* $fs/usr/bin # cp -a _pkg/usr/lib/*.so* $fs/usr/lib
fontconfig-2.4.2 - Manage system fonts
The fontconfig package (www.fontconfig.org/wiki/) provides the libfontconfig library used by many programs under X. Note XFree86 also provides these utilities. We chose the original package because it works better with JWM:
# cd .. # wget http://fontconfig.org/release/fontconfig-2.4.2.tar.gz # tar xzf fontconfig-2.4.2.tar.gz # cd fontconfig-2.4.2 # ./configure --sysconfdir=/etc --prefix=/usr \ --mandir=/usr/share/man --localstatedir=/var # make # make DESTDIR=$PWD/_pkg install # strip -v _pkg/usr/bin/* # strip -v _pkg/usr/lib/* # cp -a _pkg/usr/bin/* $fs/usr/bin # cp -a _pkg/usr/lib/*.so* $fs/usr/lib # cp -a _pkg/etc $fs # cp -a _pkg/var $fs
libs
A ‘ldd’ on fc-cache gives the libraries below. You can also use libfreetype of XFree86:
libfreetype.so.6 => /usr/lib/libfreetype.so.6 (0xb7f12000)
libz.so.1 => /usr/lib/libz.so.1 (0xb7eff000)
libexpat.so.1 => /usr/lib/libexpat.so.1 (0xb7edf000)
libfontconfig.so.1 => /usr/lib/libfontconfig.so.1 (0xb7eb0000)
libc.so.6 => /lib/tls/libc.so.6 (0xb7d7b000)
/lib/ld-linux.so.2 => /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0xb7f8c000)
Xserver - Graphical Xvesa server of Xfree86
We will use the binary versions of Xvesa server (www.xfree86.org/) and fonts distributed by Xfree86.org. We could also copy Xorg libraries from the host system that would be used for compiling X applications. Xvesa works well like this and simplifies things. You can also rebuild Xorg packages on your development system.
Xtinyx server - Xvesa
The Xvesa server is very light and uses tiny libraries; it is contained in the Xtinyx.tgz archive. Download and install in /usr/bin of SliTaz rootfs:
# cd .. # mkdir -p XFree86-4.6.0 && cd XFree86-4.6.0 # wget http://ftp.xfree86.org/pub/XFree86/4.6.0/binaries/Linux-ix86-glibc23/Xtinyx.tgz # tar xzf Xtinyx.tgz # cp bin/Xvesa $fs/usr/bin # strip $fs/usr/bin/Xvesa # chmod 4711 $fs/usr/bin/Xvesa
libs for Xvesa
libz.so.1 => /usr/lib/libz.so.1 (0xb7ed6000)
libm.so.6 => /lib/tls/libm.so.6 (0xb7eb1000)
libc.so.6 => /lib/tls/libc.so.6 (0xb7d7e000)
/lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0xb7ef8000)
rgb.txt - RGB colors in X
The colors configuration file used by the X server is called: rgb.txt; we suggest
that you copy it to the host system. The library libX11.so will seek the configuration files in
/usr/share/X11, and the Xvesa server in /usr/X11R6/lib/X11; we create a link in /usr/share/X11 to enable this:
# mkdir -p $fs/usr/share/X11 # cp /usr/share/X11/rgb.txt $fs/usr/share/X11 # chroot $fs /bin/ash /# mkdir -p /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/ /# ln -s /usr/share/X11/rgb.txt /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/rgb.txt /# exit
Xfnts - Fonts
To operate the server, we need the basic fonts; you can download them from Xfree86.org and then compile
packages from Xorg, or copy them from your host system. The system fonts can be put into different folders
and the cache updated with lc-cache. Attention, fonts take pride of place and you can only install
the minimum. /usr/share/fonts contains the TrueType fonts such as bitstream-vera:
# wget http://ftp.xfree86.org/pub/XFree86/4.6.0/binaries/Linux-ix86-glibc23/Xfnts.tgz # tar xzf Xfnts.tgz # mkdir -p $fs/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts # mkdir -p $fs/usr/share/fonts/truetype Copy the fonts... (# cp -a lib/X11/fonts/* $fs/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts) (# cp -a /usr/share/fonts/truetype/* $fs/usr/share/fonts/truetype
Then regenerate the fonts.dir file, you must run mkfontdir on the directory in question:
# mkfontdir $fs/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/75dpi
Fontconfig configuration files can be found in /etc/fonts provided by the fontconfig package. Now you can run ‘fc-cache’ to update the cache, and ‘fc-list’ for a list of fonts. You do this by chrooting into the rootfs:
# chroot $fs /bin/ash # fc-cache -v # fc-list # exit
Xlib locale - Localization files
On SliTaz, we installed 4 locales: C, iso8859-1, iso8859-15 and iso 8859-2 from the compilation of Xorg. You can copy these files from the host system or use the files distributed by XFree86. Sample copy of all the locales from the host system:
# mkdir -p $fs/usr/share/X11/locale # cp -a /usr/share/X11/locale/* $fs/usr/share/X11/locale
Using X
Note that you can already use Xvesa as a X terminal if you have a machine on the network accepting XDMCP connections.
For this, you can start the server with the -query option. For example:
# Xvesa -ac -shadow -screen 1024x768x24 -query 192.168.0.2
xterm - Terminal Emulator
The xterm package (invisible-island.net/xterm/) provides a terminal emulator for X:
# wget ftp://invisible-island.net/xterm/xterm-223.tgz # tar xzf xterm-223.tgz # cd xterm-223 # ./configure --prefix=/usr --sysconfdir=/etc \ --mandir=/usr/share/man --localstatedir=/var \ --with-app-defaults=/usr/share/X11/app-defaults \ --build=i486-pc-linux-gnu --host=i486-pc-linux-gnu # make # make DESTDIR=$PWD/_pkg install # strip _pkg/usr/bin/* # cp _pkg/usr/bin/* $fs/usr/bin # cp -a _pkg/usr/share/X11/* $fs/usr/share/X11
libs
A ldd on XTerm, we copy (and strip) the missing libraries from the host system:
libXft.so.2 => /usr/lib/libXft.so.2 (0xb7f09000)
libXrender.so.1 => /usr/lib/libXrender.so.1 (0xb7f00000)
libfontconfig.so.1 => /usr/lib/libfontconfig.so.1 (0xb7ed5000)
libfreetype.so.6 => /usr/lib/libfreetype.so.6 (0xb7e68000)
libz.so.1 => /usr/lib/libz.so.1 (0xb7e54000)
libX11.so.6 => /usr/lib/libX11.so.6 (0xb7d68000)
libXaw.so.7 => /usr/lib/libXaw.so.7 (0xb7d0f000)
libXmu.so.6 => /usr/lib/libXmu.so.6 (0xb7cfa000)
libXext.so.6 => /usr/lib/libXext.so.6 (0xb7cec000)
libXt.so.6 => /usr/lib/libXt.so.6 (0xb7c9e000)
libSM.so.6 => /usr/lib/libSM.so.6 (0xb7c96000)
libICE.so.6 => /usr/lib/libICE.so.6 (0xb7c7f000)
libncurses.so.5 => /lib/libncurses.so.5 (0xb7c3c000)
libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0xb7b2c000)
libexpat.so.1 => /usr/lib/libexpat.so.1 (0xb7b0b000)
libXau.so.6 => /usr/lib/libXau.so.6 (0xb7b08000)
libXdmcp.so.6 => /usr/lib/libXdmcp.so.6 (0xb7b03000)
libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0xb7aff000)
libXpm.so.4 => /usr/lib/libXpm.so.4 (0xb7aee000)
libpng-1.2.18 - PNG Libraries
PNG libraries (http://libpng.org/pub/png/libpng.html) are used to manipulate and format PNG images:
# wget http://puzzle.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/libpng/libpng-1.2.18.tar.bz2 # tar xjf libpng-1.2.18.tar.bz2 # cd libpng-1.2.18 # ./configure --enable-shared --prefix=/usr \ --mandir=/usr/share/man # make # make DESTDIR=$PWD/_pkg install # strip _pkg/usr/lib/*.so* # cp -a _pkg/usr/lib/libpng12.so* $fs/usr/lib # cp -a _pkg/usr/bin/libpng12* $fs/usr/bin
jwm-2.0 - Window manager
Joe's Window Manager (http://www.joewing.net/programs/jwm/) is an ultra light and friendly window manager. This is the default SliTaz window manager. The main configuration file: /etc/jwm/system.jwnrc includes the style and config menu:
# cd .. # wget http://www.joewing.net/programs/jwm/releases/jwm-2.0.tar.bz2 # tar xjf jwm-2.0.tar.bz2 # cd jwm-2.0 # ./configure --prefix=/usr --mandir=/usr/share/man \ --sysconfdir=/etc/jwm --disable-xinerama # make # strip src/jwm # cp src/jwm $fs/usr/bin # mkdir $fs/etc/jwm # cp example.jwmrc $fs/etc/jwm/system.jwmrc
libs
Ldd libraries that we have provided:
libX11.so.6 => /usr/lib/libX11.so.6 (0xb7e35000)
libpng12.so.0 => /usr/lib/libpng12.so.0 (0xb7e12000)
libXft.so.2 => /usr/lib/libXft.so.2 (0xb7e00000)
libXrender.so.1 => /usr/lib/libXrender.so.1 (0xb7df7000)
libfontconfig.so.1 => /usr/lib/libfontconfig.so.1 (0xb7dcc000)
libfreetype.so.6 => /usr/lib/libfreetype.so.6 (0xb7d5f000)
libz.so.1 => /usr/lib/libz.so.1 (0xb7d4a000)
libXpm.so.4 => /usr/lib/libXpm.so.4 (0xb7d3a000)
libXext.so.6 => /usr/lib/libXext.so.6 (0xb7d2c000)
libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0xb7c1c000)
libXau.so.6 => /usr/lib/libXau.so.6 (0xb7c19000)
libXdmcp.so.6 => /usr/lib/libXdmcp.so.6 (0xb7c14000)
libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0xb7c0f000)
libm.so.6 => /lib/libm.so.6 (0xb7bea000)
libexpat.so.1 => /usr/lib/libexpat.so.1 (0xb7bc9000)
You can start the X server and JWM with the command below or create a script in /usr/bin/startx with the content:
Xvesa -ac -shadow -screen 1024x768x24 & exec jwm
On SliTaz
SliTaz uses the ~/.Xsession file to start a graphical session. The ‘startx’ command checks whether the file exists or it runs ‘tazx’ to configure the X system. The user guide on X window is located in: /usr/share/doc/slitaz/user-guide/x-window.html or is on the website:
We chose to use the Tango icons theme http://tango.freedesktop.org/, that isn't compiled. We only use the minimum: images in 16 x 16 format that we put in /usr/share/icons.
To test JWM with a cooking ISO:
# Xvesa -ac -shadow -screen 800x600x24 & exec jwm
jpeg-6b - JPEG Libraries
Libraries handling JPEG images, and some small utilities:
# wget http://www.ijg.org/files/jpegsrc.v6b.tar.gz
# tar xzf jpegsrc.v6b.tar.gz
# cd jpeg-6b
# ./configure --enable-shared --prefix=/usr \
--mandir=/usr/share/man
# make
# strip .libs/*
# cp -a .libs/*.so* $fs/usr/lib
# cp .libs/{cjpeg,djpeg,jpegtran} $fs/usr/bin
tiff-3.8.2 - TIFF Libraries and Utilities
Libraries handling TIFF images and some small optional utilities:
# wget ftp://ftp.remotesensing.org/pub/libtiff/tiff-3.8.2.tar.gz # tar xzf tiff-3.8.2.tar.gz # cd tiff-3.8.2 # ./configure --prefix=/usr --mandir=/usr/share/man # make # make DESTDIR=$PWD/_pkg install # strip _pkg/usr/bin/* # strip _pkg/usr/lib/*.so* # cp -a _pkg/usr/lib/*.so* $fs/usr/lib
You can install the utilities you want.
links-2.1pre29 - Graphical and text mode web browser
Links (links.twibright.com) is a web browser offering graphical and text modes. It is translated into multiple languages, including French:
# cd .. # wget http://links.twibright.com/download/links-2.1pre28.tar.gz # tar xzf links-2.1pre28.tar.gz # cd links-2.1pre28 # ./configure --prefix=/usr --sysconfdir=/etc --mandir=/usr/share/man \ --without-directfb --without-ssl --enable-graphics --enable-javascript # make # make DESTDIR=$PWD/_pkg install # strip -v _pkg/usr/bin/* # cp -v _pkg/usr/bin/* $fs/usr/bin
libs
libtiff.so.3 => /usr/lib/libtiff.so.3
libjpeg.so.62 => /usr/lib/libjpeg.so.62 (0xb7ede000)
libpng12.so.0 => /usr/lib/libpng12.so.0 (0xb7eba000)
libz.so.1 => /usr/lib/libz.so.1 (0xb7ea7000)
libX11.so.6 => /usr/lib/libX11.so.6 (0xb7dbb000)
libdl.so.2 => /lib/tls/libdl.so.2 (0xb7db7000)
libpcre.so.0 => /usr/lib/libpcre.so.0 (0xb7d96000)
libm.so.6 => /lib/tls/libm.so.6 (0xb7d70000)
libc.so.6 => /lib/tls/libc.so.6 (0xb7c3e000)
libXau.so.6 => /usr/lib/libXau.so.6 (0xb7c3b000)
libXdmcp.so.6 => /usr/lib/libXdmcp.so.6 (0xb7c36000)
/lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0xb7f5d000)
Generate the initramfs and an ISO image
To create a new ISO image, you can use ‘mktaziso’ in SliTaz tools. Or you can create a new initramfs image, copy it to /boot in the root of the CD-ROM (rootcd) and finally generate an ISO image with genisoimage:
# cd $fs # find . -print | cpio -o -H newc | gzip -9 > ../rootfs.gz # cd .. # cp rootfs.gz rootcd/boot # genisoimage -R -o slitaz-cooking.iso -b boot/isolinux/isolinux.bin \ -c boot/isolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 \ -V "SliTaz" -boot-info-table rootcd
Following chapter
The next chapter GTK+ libs describes the installation of GTK libraries.